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The rapid advancement of digital technologies has fundamentally transformed the competitive landscape of global markets, enabling firms to achieve unprecedented levels of market dominance through innovation, data-driven decision-making, and platform-based business models. Digital market dominance is characterized by the ability of firms to leverage network effects, artificial intelligence, big data analytics, cloud computing, and digital ecosystems to establish sustainable competitive advantages. Unlike traditional forms of market leadership, digital dominance is increasingly driven by intangible assets such as user data, technological capabilities, and ecosystem integration. This theoretical study examines the emerging trends contributing to digital market dominance and explores their implications for businesses, consumers, and policymakers. The study further discusses contemporary challenges such as regulatory scrutiny, data privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, cybersecurity risks, and increasing market concentration. It argues that while digital market dominance promotes innovation, operational efficiency, and customer value creation, it also necessitates responsible governance and fair competition. The paper concludes that sustainable digital leadership depends on balancing technological advancement with ethical business practices, transparent data governance, and adaptive regulatory frameworks. The study contributes to the growing body of literature by integrating multiple theoretical perspectives into a comprehensive framework for understanding digital market dominance in the evolving digital economy.

TheimplementationoftheGoodsandServicesTax(GST)hasprofoundlytransformed the operationsofonlinemarketplacesinIndia.Thesedigitalplatformsfacilitateinteractions betweenbuyersandsellersfortheexchangeofgoodsandservicesovertheinternet,withnotable examplesincludingAmazon,Flipkart,andMeesho.TheintroductionofGSTestablisheda uniform indirecttaxsystemthatreplacedamyriadoftaxes,includingVAT,servicetax,and exciseduty,therebystreamliningthetaxationprocessfore-commerceenterprises.TheGST frameworkmandatesregistrationfore-commercesellersandincorporatestheTaxCollectedat Source(TCS)mechanismfore-commerceoperators.Theseinitiativesenhancetaxcompliance, promote transparencyinonlinetransactions,andfacilitateimprovedoversightofdigitalbusiness activities.Insummary,GSThassignificantlycontributedtotheregulationofonline marketplaceswhilefosteringthegrowthofIndia'sdigitaleconomy.

The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in smart cities has generated unprecedented volumes of heterogeneous data requiring real-time processing, low latency, and efficient resource utilization. Traditional cloud-centric architectures often suffer from bandwidth limitations, communication delays, and scalability challenges when handling dynamic urban workloads. Edge computing has emerged as a promising paradigm by bringing computational resources closer to end devices; however, isolated edge nodes frequently experience resource imbalance, underutilization, and service degradation under varying workloads. This study proposes a novel collaborative edge-computing framework for intelligent resource management in IoT-enabled smart cities. The framework enables cooperative resource sharing among distributed edge nodes and incorporates intelligent workload-aware decision-making for task allocation and processing. By dynamically coordinating computational, storage, and network resources across multiple edge layers, the proposed model aims to reduce latency, improve resource utilization, enhance scalability, and ensure Quality of Service (QoS). The framework is designed to support diverse smart city applications, including intelligent transportation, environmental monitoring, healthcare, and smart energy management.

Fiscal performance and intergovernmental financial relations (IFR) form the backbone of multi-level governance systems, particularly in federal structures like India, where resource allocation between central, state, and local governments shapes economic stability and public service delivery. Effective IFR addresses vertical imbalances—where subnational spending needs exceed revenue capacities—and horizontal disparities across regions, through mechanisms like tax assignments, grants, and revenue sharing. Amid global economic pressures, including post-pandemic recovery and fiscal federalism reforms, analyzing these dynamics reveals their impact on fiscal discipline, growth, and equity. Intergovernmental fiscal relations encompass revenue mobilization, expenditure assignments, and transfers to ensure efficient public finance. Fiscal performance metrics—such as deficit-to-GDP ratios, debt sustainability, and own-revenue buoyancy—hinge on these relations, as over-reliance on central transfers can erode sub national accountability. Principles like subsidiary (assigning functions to the lowest capable level), fiscal autonomy, and equalization guide optimal designs, fostering macroeconomic stability while enabling regional development.

The Blue Economy, which encompasses both the ocean and maritime sectors, is quickly becoming an important force for job creation and technological advancement in a sustainable way. This paper analyses how startups can help change existing maritime industries; details the key enablers and inhibitors of entrepreneurs’ success; and provides policy, funding and ecosystem support frameworks for use by governments and private sector investors. The findings indicate that blue startups have the potential to respond to many of the environmental challenges we currently face, promote equitable economic development and create the conditions for coastal countries to be leaders in future ocean based industries.

Emotional intelligence (EI) has been increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing academic success among college students. This study investigates the impact of EI components—self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills—on academic achievements using the XGBoost algorithm, a powerful machine learning technique known for its high predictive accuracy. The primary objective of this work is to determine the relative importance of EI traits in predicting academic performance and to develop a robust model that can identify key emotional intelligence factors contributing to student success. A dataset comprising EI assessments and academic records of college students is analyzed, with XGBoost employed for feature importance analysis and predictive modeling. The findings reveal which EI dimensions most significantly influence academic outcomes, providing actionable insights for educators and policymakers to enhance student support programs. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on EI in education by leveraging advanced machine learning to quantify its impact, offering a data-driven approach to improving academic interventions.

Data Governance, Privacy, and Digital Sovereignty have become essential components of the digital era. Effective data governance ensures the proper collection, management, security, and utilization of data while maintaining transparency and accountability. Privacy focuses on protecting individuals’ personal information and safeguarding their rights against unauthorized access and misuse. Digital sovereignty refers to a nation’s ability to control and regulate its digital infrastructure, data, and technologies in accordance with its laws and national interests. Together, these concepts play a crucial role in promoting cybersecurity, building public trust, ensuring regulatory compliance, and strengthening economic and national security. As digital technologies continue to evolve, balancing innovation with privacy protection and sovereign control remains a key challenge for governments, organizations, and societies world wide.

Rapid industrialization, urbanization, and changing consumption patterns have led to a dramatic increase in waste generation across the globe. From household garbage and food waste to industrial by-products, plastic pollution and electronic waste, the volume of waste produced today poses serious threats to environmental sustainability, public health, and economic stability. Recognizing this challenge, the United Nations included waste reduction as a core component of Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG 12). One of the key targets of this goal is to substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling, and reuse. This target emphasizes shifting away from the traditional “take–make–dispose” model toward a circular economy, where resources are used efficiently, waste is minimized, and materials remain in use for as long as possible. Achieving this goal requires collective efforts from governments, industries, communities, and individuals.

The digital banking landscape in Pollachi Taluk has undergone a significant transformation, driven by the proliferation of smartphones and government initiatives for financial inclusion. This study examines the effectiveness of mobile banking services by evaluating user awareness, perceptions, and satisfaction levels. Utilizing primary data collected from 120 respondents via a structured questionnaire and convenience sampling, the research employs percentage analysis, weighted average ranking, and Chi-square tests for data interpretation. The socio-economic profile reveals a predominantly young, female (54.16%), and rural-based (66.66%) demographic with high educational attainment. Findings indicate that users primarily value mobile banking for its functional efficiency, with "Time-saving" (Rank I, 4.467) and "Fast and reliable" transactions (Rank II, 4.435) emerging as the top perceived benefits. While overall satisfaction is high—evidenced by a strong "Ease of login" (4.44) and a 53.55% recommendation rate—a significant technical gap persists, as 47.5% of respondents remain unaware of advanced features. Chi-square results confirm that satisfaction and awareness are independent of annual income and age group, respectively. The study concludes that while mobile banking is effectively utilized for routine transactions, enhancing digital literacy and technical awareness is essential to maximize the potential of modern financial ecosystems in semi-urban regions like Pollachi.

The implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India marked a major transformation in indirect tax administration through digital governance. The establishment of the Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN) introduced online registration, return filing, invoice reconciliation, and automated compliance systems. While GST has improved transparency and formalization of the economy, small taxpayers often encounter challenges related to digital literacy, internet accessibility, and frequent procedural changes. This study examines the level of digital inclusion and the compliance burden experienced by small taxpayers in Tamil Nadu. Primary data were collected from 162 small taxpayers across Coimbatore district using a structured questionnaire. Statistical tools such as percentage analysis, weighted mean score, chi-square test, and correlation analysis were employed. The findings reveal that 69.8% of respondents experience moderate to high compliance burden, primarily due to digital skill gaps and technical portal issues. A statistically significant association was found between digital literacy and compliance satisfaction (p < 0.01). The study concludes that strengthening digital inclusion through targeted capacity-building initiatives and simplified compliance procedures is essential for inclusive GST governance.

Sustainable urban development integrates smart city technologies to create resilient, inclusive, and environmentally friendly urban ecosystems. This abstract explores how digital innovations address rapid urbanization challenges while aligning with global sustainability goals. Smart cities leverage Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and renewable energy systems to optimize urban functions like mobility, energy use, and waste management. Sustainable urban development prioritizes reducing carbon emissions, enhancing resource efficiency, and promoting social equity, often guided by UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 11 for sustainable cities. Key dimensions include smart governance, economy, mobility, environment, people, and living, as seen in global models like Singapore's integrated sensor networks or Barcelona's energy-efficient street lighting. Digital infrastructure such as 5G networks, AI-driven traffic management, and smart grids enable real-time data analytics for predictive maintenance and demand-responsive services. Citizen participation via mobile apps fosters inclusivity, empowering residents in decision-making and reducing digital divides. India's Smart Cities Mission, launched in 2015, targets 100 cities with initiatives like Pune's command centers for flood management and Varanasi's waste-to-energy plants, blending cultural preservation with tech upgrades. In Europe, the EU's Horizon programs emphasize interoperability standards to avoid siloed systems, while East Asian hubs like Seoul use AI for air quality monitoring.

Digital infrastructure delivers the physical and software resources that are required to enable the use of data, processes and computerized devices etc. The Government of India (GOI) has mainly focused on transforming India into a digitally empowered citizen. This paper mainly focuses on digital Infrastructure development in India like high-speed internet, Unique Identity of citizens, mobile banking, Common Service Center (CSC), cloud space for citizens, government e- Marketplace, open forge project and digital currency etc. The barriers in digital infrastructure development such as digital illiteracy and less awareness about innovations in new technologies are also mentioned. It is concluded that digital infrastructure development in India enables citizens to have effective, transparent and accountable government services. India's digital transformation has emerged as a critical driver of economic growth, innovation, and social development. This paper explores the opportunities and challenges presented by India's digital economy. With the government's Digital India initiative and the rapid adoption of digital technologies, India stands at the forefront of global digital innovation. However, challenges such as digital divide, cyber security threats, and regulatory complexities pose significant hurdles to realizing the full potential of India's digital transformation. By analyzing current trends, identifying key opportunities, and addressing challenges, this study aims to provide insights into India's digital economy and its impact on various sectors.

Marginalized communities often face significant barriers in accessing financial, digital, and governmental services due to strict Know Your Customer (KYC) norms, poor digital literacy, and inadequate data protection. This paper examines the intersection of data privacy, security, and KYC requirements, highlighting how these systems can either empower or further exclude vulnerable groups. It also provides recommendations for creating safer, more inclusive, and rights‑based digital identification and verification systems.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools have become an important part of higher education by supporting students in academic activities such as assignments, research, content writing, and exam preparation. This study aims to examine the attitudes and perceptions of students towards the ethical use of Artificial Intelligence tools in higher education, with special reference to UG Commerce students in Pollachi Taluk. The study is based on primary data collected from 300 respondents using a structured questionnaire. Percentage analysis, mean, standard deviation, and ranking techniques were used to analyze the data. The findings reveal that most respondents are aware of AI tools and use them regularly for academic purposes. ChatGPT emerged as the most frequently used AI tool. The study also indicates that respondents generally have a positive attitude towards AI tools while recognizing the importance of ethical usage. Most respondents believe that AI should be used only as a learning aid and not as a substitute for independent work. The study concludes that AI tools offer significant benefits in higher education when used responsibly. Promoting ethical awareness and implementing clear institutional policies can help students use AI effectively while maintaining academic honesty and improving learning outcomes.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Human Resource Management (HRM) is transforming the way organizations attract, retain, and manage talent. AI-driven HRM leverages advanced analytics, machine learning, and automation to enhance decision-making, streamline recruitment, improve employee engagement, and foster data-driven workforce planning. Future prospects indicate a shift toward predictive HR systems capable of identifying employee needs, reducing attrition, and enhancing personalized career development. Intelligent chatbots and virtual assistants are expected to automate routine HR tasks, allowing professionals to focus on strategic roles. Moreover, AI-driven tools will play a pivotal role in unbiased recruitment, continuous performance monitoring, and reskilling initiatives aligned with organizational goals. However, challenges related to ethical concerns, transparency, and employee data privacy must be addressed to ensure sustainable adoption. Overall, AI promises to reshape HRM into a more agile, inclusive, and future-ready function, creating a competitive advantage for forward-looking organizations. Thus, the future of HRM lies in balancing technological innovation with human-centric values to achieve long-term organizational success

ocial engagement refers the expressions of existing interpersonal relationships during the interaction which represents the actual interesting of human in the interaction. However, social engagement measurement is a significant concern in social human-robot interaction (HRI) because of its role in understanding the interaction’s trend and adapt robot’s behavior accordingly. Hence, we achieved the two main objectives of this study. Firstly, enrichment the theoretical literature and related concepts. Secondly, proposed a robust neural network model which is multi layer perceptron (MLP) classifier to measure social engagement state during interaction. PInSoRo dataset was used for training and testing purpose. In particular, the parameters of MLP model were meticulously crafted to recognize the social engagement accurately. We evaluated the model’s performance by several metrics and the result showed an interesting accuracy reached 94.85%. Given that, it supports the robot to has adaptive and responsive behavior in real time applications which is improving HRI eventually.

Digital literacy has become a key determinant of educational success in the 21st century. As learning environments increasingly integrate digital platforms, students without digital access or skills face significant disadvantages. This paper examines the concept of digital literacy, its relevance to modern education, and how disparities in digital access contribute to the widening education gap, especially among socio-economic and geographical groups. The study further explores key challenges and suggests strategies to reduce digital inequalities and promote inclusive education.

Digital governance has emerged as a critical instrument for promoting transparency, efficiency, and inclusiveness in public financial management. In India, the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) marked a transformative shift toward a unified indirect tax system supported by digital infrastructure. This article examines how GST reforms, enabled by technology-driven tax administration, contribute to strengthening inclusive economic growth while reshaping the dynamics of fiscal federalism, with a particular focus on the state of Tamil Nadu. The study evaluates the role of digital platforms such as the Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN) in improving tax compliance, reducing leakages, and facilitating real-time monitoring of revenue flows. It further analyzes the implications of GST for intergovernmental fiscal relations, including revenue sharing, compensation mechanisms, and state-level fiscal autonomy. Using policy analysis, secondary data, and state-specific revenue trends, the article explores how GST has influenced Tamil Nadu’s fiscal capacity, public expenditure priorities, and development outcomes. The findings suggest that while digitalized GST administration has enhanced transparency and broadened the tax base, challenges persist in balancing central coordination with state fiscal independence. The study argues that strengthening digital governance frameworks, improving cooperative federal mechanisms, and addressing revenue volatility are essential for ensuring that GST reforms effectively support inclusive and sustainable growth in Tamil Nadu and across India.

The concept of green and energy-efficient computing has become an essential strategy for tackling the environmental and economic issues that arise from the rapid expansion of information technology. The growing reliance on computers, data centers, and digital devices has resulted in increased energy usage and considerable carbon emissions. Green computing is centered on the design, production, utilization, and disposal of computing devices in a manner that is environmentally sustainable, whereas energy-efficient computing focuses on minimizing power consumption without sacrificing performance. This research underscores the significance of embracing eco-friendly technologies, energy-saving methods, and sustainable IT practices. Additionally, it explores the challenges and opportunities linked to the implementation of green computing solutions. The integration of such practices not only lowers operational expenses but also aids in environmental preservation and promotes sustainable development.

Digital technology's expansion has drastically altered consumer markets globally. E-commerce and Direct-to-Consumer (D2C) are now major disruptors in how goods are made, sold, marketed, and engaged with consumers. In India, rapid growth in digital infrastructure, government initiatives like Digital India, greater numbers of smartphones and fintech advancements have all sped up the change to digital commerce. All of the new opportunities created by D2C and e-commerce occur at the same time as new risks related to an increase in the amount of data collected, market concentration, algorithmic bias, consumer protection, and other regulatory issues. This paper will provide analysis of e-commerce platforms' and D2C businesses' opportunities and risks in the Indian context, using a conceptual and policy-analysis method that relies on secondary data. The paper will demonstrate how e-commerce is structurally transforming consumer markets and present recommendations for a governance framework to promote inclusive, competitive, and sustainable digital commerce.

Global supply chains are increasingly vulnerable to disruptions due to geopolitical tensions, pandemics, trade barriers, and logistical constraints. For India, these disruptions present both challenges and strategic opportunities. Trade barriers such as tariffs, non-tariff measures, and protectionist policies affect India’s export competitiveness while supply chain vulnerabilities can impact critical sectors like pharmaceuticals, electronics, and automotive industries. At the same time, India’s strategic interests such as promoting domestic manufacturing through initiatives like Make in India diversifying import sources, and strengthening regional trade partnerships allow it to mitigate risks and enhance economic resilience. This paper explores the nature and causes of supply chain disruptions, evaluates the impact of trade barriers on India’s economic growth, and analyzes the strategic measures India is adopting to secure supply chain continuity and strengthen its position in global trade networks.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education has emerged as a transformative force influencing teaching methodologies, assessment practices, and learning outcomes. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 strongly advocates the use of emerging technologies, including Artificial Intelligence, to enhance the quality, equity, and accessibility of education in India. In this context, teacher AI literacy has become a crucial factor in the successful implementation of technology-enabled education. This paper examines the concept of teacher AI literacy, its significance under NEP 2020, and the role of institutional and policy frameworks in fostering AI competencies among teachers. The study highlights the challenges associated with building AI literacy and proposes strategic measures to strengthen teacher preparedness for an AI-driven education ecosystem.

Maize is one of the largest food crops after rice and wheat in all over the world. It has become a vital part in the agriculture to automatically monitor and diagnosis the plant disease in new era. In this paper, a unique maize plant disease identification system has been modelled using the optimization of recurrent neural network through bacterial foraging technique. Further it can be employed to moderate the search space of the classifier and provides better initial information for recognition network. Initially pre-processing and region growing based segmentation has been approved to identify and determine the neighbour pixel of seed points toward combining it in particular region. It is to increase the efficiency of the network by searching and grouping of seed points having common attributes to generate the optimal features for classification. Obtained segmented region has been processed using Recurrent Neural Network to capture sequential patterns based on longitudinal data to produce recurrent structures. Finally different classes of the plant disease have been classified and identified with new classic techniques. Experimental analysis using plant village dataset on the proposed model explains the performance measure in rudiments of dice coefficient, similarity and specificity towards disease identification.

The growing reliance on renewable energy sources has underscored the need for efficient and accurate solar energy forecasting systems. Solar power generation is heavily influenced by dynamic weather conditions, making real-time and predictive analysis essential for maximizing energy output and operational efficiency. This study presents an intelligent weather forecasting framework using machine learning (ML) techniques to optimize solar energy generation. Historical and real-time meteorological data such as solar irradiance, temperature, humidity, wind speed, and cloud cover are used to train and evaluate various ML models, including Random Forest, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Gradient Boosting, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. The system aims to forecast weather patterns with high accuracy and adjust solar energy management accordingly. Comparative analysis demonstrates that deep learning models, particularly LSTM, outperform traditional methods in temporal weather prediction. Integration of these predictive models into solar power systems results in improved scheduling, grid stability, and overall energy efficiency. The proposed framework highlights the potential of AI-driven solutions in enhancing the reliability and scalability of renewable energy infrastructures.

As emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, the internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, quantum computing, 5G networks, and cybersecurity solutions, continue to advance at a rapid pace, they are transforming both the global economy and the geopolitical landscape. Emerging technologies will continue to be critical enablers of sustainable development and key drivers of national security and international competitiveness. Increasingly, governments, businesses, and institutions around the world are leveraging digital innovation as a means to support productivity improvements, foster effective governance, enhance resilience against cyber threats, and meet their objectives for sustainable growth. This paper reviews the role of emerging technologies in supporting economic development; enhancing security frameworks; and improving competitiveness on a global scale by analysing existing literature and current trends. The study identifies the associated opportunities and challenges associated with the adoption of emerging technologies through qualitative methods. The research suggests that strategic investment in digital infrastructure, innovation ecosystems and cybersecurity will be essential for nations looking to lead in an increasingly digital world order.

The global automotive industry is currently navigating a significant transition toward sustainable mobility, driven by environmental concerns and the rising costs of conventional fuels. This study examines consumer perception and preferences toward electric vehicles (EVs), with a focused analysis on respondents in the Pollachi Taluk region. Utilizing a convenient sampling method, primary data was collected from 150 respondents to evaluate the impact of socio-economic factors on EV adoption. The findings reveal a demographic profile predominantly composed of young, educated females (53.3%) in the 21–30 age group, mostly employed in the private sector with a middle-income background. Statistical analysis through Chi-square testing indicates a significant association between age and perception levels, as well as between monthly income and vehicle preference. While a majority of respondents (54%) express a general openness to adoption, core functional barriers such as charging infrastructure, battery life, and high initial costs remain primary concerns. "Safe to use" emerged as the most critical priority for users, followed by technical reliability. The study highlights that government incentives are the strongest motivator for future purchases. To accelerate large-scale adoption, the research suggests strengthening charging infrastructure, enhancing digital awareness campaigns, and implementing more accessible financing options to convert growing consumer interest into long-term market confidence.

AI is also playing a crucial role in enhancing accessibility in education. Students with disabilities, language barriers, or learning difficulties can benefit from AI-powered tools designed to provide support tailored to their specific needs. Speech recognition, text-to-speech, and real-time translation applications help students overcome communication barriers, while AI-powered tutors and chatbots offer additional guidance outside the classroom. This level of accessibility ensures that education becomes more inclusive, allowing students from diverse backgrounds and abilities to learn effectively.AI is streamlining administrative tasks, enabling educators to focus more on teaching rather than bureaucratic duties. Automated grading systems, attendance tracking, and scheduling software help reduce the workload for teachers and administrators. The objective of the study is to evaluate how AI tools influence students' learning experiences, critical thinking, problem-solving skills. A sample size of 400 students will be selected using convenient sampling method. This sample size is large enough to provide statistically significant insights while remaining manageable for data collection and analysis. It is concluded that Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed the way we live, work, and interact with technology, making significant advancements across various industries. From healthcare to finance, education to entertainment, AI has revolutionized processes, enhanced efficiency, and improved decision-making.

The rapid digitalization of public finance has transformed tax administration worldwide. In India, the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) marked a significant milestone in tax reform through a unified and technology-driven framework. However, challenges such as tax evasion, invoice fraud, data manipulation, and cybersecurity risks persist. This paper explores the potential of blockchain technology in strengthening GST systems by enhancing transparency, traceability, and accountability. By examining the integration of blockchain into tax administration architecture, the study highlights its benefits for fraud reduction, real-time verification, and intergovernmental coordination. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for implementing blockchain-enabled tax governance in a federal system.

Healthcare services play a vital role in promoting the well-being and longevity of individuals. With rapid advancements in medical science and the integration of digital technologies, healthcare delivery has become more efficient and accessible. Modern hospitals are equipped with advanced infrastructure and skilled professionals; however, the effectiveness of these services largely depends on customer awareness and perception. In the digital era, patients increasingly rely on social media, hospital websites, online reviews, and word-of-mouth communication to obtain information about healthcare facilities and services.Customer awareness enables individuals to make informed decisions regarding treatment options and the selection of healthcare providers, while perception significantly influences their level of trust, satisfaction, and loyalty. This study aims to assess the level of customer awareness of healthcare services through digital platforms and to examine customers’ perception in terms of quality, accessibility, reliability, and overall satisfaction. The research is based on primary data collected through structured questionnaires, supported by relevant secondary sources. The findings indicate a significant level of customer awareness, particularly through social media and personal references such as friends and family. The study highlights that understanding customer awareness and perception is essential for healthcare institutions to enhance service quality, strengthen communication strategies, and improve overall patient satisfaction and organizational performance.

The rapid integration of technology into educational systems has highlighted a critical "digital literacy gap"—the disparity between required 21st-century digital competencies and the actual skills possessed by students and educators. While digital literacy is essential for accessing online information, communication, and navigating educational platforms, significant inequalities exist across demographic, socioeconomic, and geographical lines. Research indicates that merely increasing access to devices does not equate to higher digital literacy; in fact, a "digital literacy paradox" has been observed, where increased tech usage in schools has sometimes coincided with declining digital competence. The gaps are particularly pronounced in rural areas, where lack of infrastructure hinders development. Furthermore, a disconnect exists between how students perceive their digital skills and their actual proficiency, often leading to overestimation of their abilities. Addressing these gaps requires more than teaching basic, instrumental technology skills (keystrokes); it necessitates fostering critical thinking, information evaluation, and ethical, secure online behavior. Effective solutions involve incorporating tailored digital literacy frameworks into curricula, providing comprehensive teacher training, and implementing targeted interventions to bridge the divide, ultimately ensuring equitable educational outcomes and workforce readiness in a digitized society.

Digital micro-lending has gained prominence as an innovative financial mechanism to enhance social security and financial inclusion among the poor. By utilizing digital platforms, mobile technologies, and financial solutions, digital micro-lending enables low-income and marginalized populations to access small-scale credit with greater speed, convenience, and reduced transaction costs. This form of lending plays a crucial role in addressing the financial vulnerabilities of the poor, particularly those engaged in informal employment who often lack access to formal social security systems. The integration of digital micro-lending with social security initiatives can support income stabilization, consumption smoothing, and livelihood sustainability, especially during economic shocks and emergencies. It also facilitates greater transparency, efficiency, and outreach in the delivery of financial services. However, challenges such as digital exclusion, limited financial literacy, data privacy risks, and the potential for overindebtedness pose significant concerns for vulnerable borrowers. This paper examines the role of digital micro-lending in strengthening social security for the poor, analysis its opportunities and limitations, and highlights the need for appropriate regulatory frameworks and inclusive digital policies to ensure equitable and sustainable outcomes. Digital micro-lending has emerged as a critical innovation in the evolving landscape of financial inclusion and social security for the poor. With the rapid expansion of digital technologies, including mobile phones, digital payment systems, and financial applications, micro-lending services have become more accessible to low-income households, informal workers, women, and other marginalized groups who are often excluded from traditional banking systems.

The concept of green and energy-efficient computing has become an essential strategy for tackling the environmental and economic issues that arise from the rapid expansion of information technology. The growing reliance on computers, data centers, and digital devices has resulted in increased energy usage and considerable carbon emissions. Green computing is centered on the design, production, utilization, and disposal of computing devices in a manner that is environmentally sustainable, whereas energy-efficient computing focuses on minimizing power consumption without sacrificing performance. This research underscores the significance of embracing eco-friendly technologies, energy-saving methods, and sustainable IT practices. Additionally, it explores the challenges and opportunities linked to the implementation of green computing solutions. The integration of such practices not only lowers operational expenses but also aids in environmental preservation and promotes sustainable development.

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping the foundations of global politics and international competition. AI is no longer viewed solely as a technological innovation; it has become a critical component of national strength, economic progress, and strategic influence. Governments across the world are allocating significant resources to AI research, digital infrastructure, and defense applications in order to secure competitive advantages in an increasingly technology-driven international environment. This trend has intensified rivalry among states seeking leadership in innovation, data management, and computational capabilities. Through the lens of realist theory, AI can be understood as a modern instrument of power that states employ to safeguard their interests and enhance their security. This study explores the growing connection between AI development and geopolitical competition, evaluates its impact on global power relations, and discusses the challenges associated with regulation and governance. The paper argues that while AI offers remarkable opportunities for development and efficiency, it also contributes to new strategic rivalries that may affect international peace and stability.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is progressively becoming integral to modern retail, driving efficiency, personalization, and sustainability. By optimizing supply chains and demand forecasting, engagement while lowering costs. However, this innovation also transforms labor markets: routine and low-skilled retail jobs are under pressure from automation, while there is an increasing demand for AI-complementary skills such as data analysis, digital literacy, and human-centric roles. In highskilled segments, AI enhances productivity and wages, although it poses a risk of widening beyond individual retailers, reshaping global value chains, improving productivity, and challenging equity in both developed and developing areas. This paper presents the growth of informal sector in India, with AI that facilitates formalization and social security while reinforcing digital infrastructure. These initiatives can assist informal workers in achieving more stable incomes, better living conditions, and increased employment opportunities in the AI-driven future.

Education is undergoing a rapid transformation due to the integration of emerging technologies and digital learning platforms. These innovations are reshaping traditional teaching–learning processes by improving accessibility, personalization, engagement, and efficiency. Technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), Big Data Analytics, Cloud Computing, Internet of Things (IoT), and Blockchain are playing a crucial role in modern education. Digital learning platforms like Learning Management Systems (LMS), Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), virtual classrooms, and mobile learning applications support flexible and learner-centered education. This paper presents a detailed discussion on emerging technologies, digital learning platforms, their applications, benefits, challenges, impact on stakeholders, and future trends in education

Digital literacy has become a cornerstone of participation in contemporary knowledge-based economies, enabling individuals to access information, communicate effectively, and engage in digital learning and employment opportunities. Despite rapid technological advancements, substantial gaps persist in digital education due to unequal access to technology, limited digital skills, and socio-economic disparities. These gaps are particularly pronounced among rural populations, economically disadvantaged groups, elderly learners, and marginalized communities. Inadequate digital literacy restricts access to e-education, limits employment prospects, and exacerbates existing social inequalities. This article examines the key dimensions of digital literacy and education gaps, including the digital divide, access to technology, internet connectivity, and skill development. It further highlights major challenges faced by learners and proposes strategic measures such as inclusive digital policies, affordable connectivity, structured training programs, and awareness initiatives. Strengthening digital literacy is essential for promoting social inclusion, economic growth, and sustainable national development.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools have become an important part of higher education by supporting students in academic activities such as assignments, research, content writing, and exam preparation. This study aims to examine the attitudes and perceptions of students towards the ethical use of Artificial Intelligence tools in higher education, with special reference to UG Commerce students in Pollachi Taluk. The study is based on primary data collected from 300 respondents using a structured questionnaire. Percentage analysis, mean, standard deviation, and ranking techniques were used to analyze the data. The findings reveal that most respondents are aware of AI tools and use them regularly for academic purposes. ChatGPT emerged as the most frequently used AI tool. The study also indicates that respondents generally have a positive attitude towards AI tools while recognizing the importance of ethical usage. Most respondents believe that AI should be used only as a learning aid and not as a substitute for independent work. The study concludes that AI tools offer significant benefits in higher education when used responsibly. Promoting ethical awareness and implementing clear institutional policies can help students use AI effectively while maintaining academic honesty and improving learning outcomes.

In the contemporary digital economy, technology has been identified to be instrumental in fostering transparency and preventing financial irregularities. Technology-driven transparency and financial evasion measures involve the application of advanced digital technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), block chain technology, big data analytics, cloud computing, and digital identity to monitor and enforce compliance in governance and financial systems. These technologies have been identified to be effective in preventing financial irregularities like tax evasion, financial fraud, and corruption in governance and financial systems. Moreover, data exchange mechanisms and digital governance have been identified to be effective in fostering regulatory efficiency and public trust in governance and financial systems. This paper examines the application of emerging technologies in fostering financial transparency and preventing financial irregularities like financial evasion. The study also examines the benefits, challenges, and implications of technology-driven governance mechanisms. The study found that technology-driven financial monitoring mechanisms have been effective in fostering financial transparency.

The increasing use of data-driven technologies in education has enabled personalized learning experiences through the collection and analysis of sensitive student data, including academic performance, behavioral patterns, and personal information. While personalization can improve learning outcomes and engagement, it also raises significant ethical, policy, and data privacy concerns. Key ethical considerations include informed consent, data ownership, transparency, fairness, and the risk of bias or misuse of student data. Challenges such as data security breaches, lack of clear regulatory frameworks, unequal access to technology, and inadequate awareness among stakeholders further complicate responsible data practices. This abstract highlights the need for strong data governance policies, ethical guidelines, and robust privacy protections to ensure that student data is used responsibly, securely, and in ways that respect students’ rights while supporting effective and inclusive personalized education.

The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in smart cities has generated unprecedented volumes of heterogeneous data requiring real-time processing, low latency, and efficient resource utilization. Traditional cloud-centric architectures often suffer from bandwidth limitations, communication delays, and scalability challenges when handling dynamic urban workloads. Edge computing has emerged as a promising paradigm by bringing computational resources closer to end devices; however, isolated edge nodes frequently experience resource imbalance, underutilization, and service degradation under varying workloads. This study proposes a novel collaborative edge-computing framework for intelligent resource management in IoT-enabled smart cities. The framework enables cooperative resource sharing among distributed edge nodes and incorporates intelligent workload-aware decision-making for task allocation and processing. By dynamically coordinating computational, storage, and network resources across multiple edge layers, the proposed model aims to reduce latency, improve resource utilization, enhance scalability, and ensure Quality of Service (QoS). The framework is designed to support diverse smart city applications, including intelligent transportation, environmental monitoring, healthcare, and smart energy management.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools have become an integral part of higher education by supporting students in learning, research, assignments, and academic activities. However, the increasing use of AI tools has also raised several ethical challenges related to academic integrity, plagiarism, originality, privacy, and the responsible use of AIgenerated content. The present study aims to identify the challenges faced by college students towards the ethical use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in higher education and to offer suitable suggestions for promoting their ethical and responsible use. The study was conducted among 300 College students in Pollachi Taluk using a descriptive research design and a convenience sampling technique. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire, while secondary data were obtained from books, journals, research articles, and authentic online sources. The collected data were analysed using Percentage Analysis, Chi-Square Test, and Ranking Analysis. The findings reveal that students experience several challenges in the ethical use of AI tools, particularly in determining the ethical acceptability of AI-generated content, avoiding plagiarism, maintaining originality, and evaluating the reliability of AI-generated information. The study concludes that educational institutions should strengthen AI ethics awareness, establish clear institutional guidelines, and promote responsible AI usage to ensure academic integrity and ethical learning practices among students.

The retail landscape in Pollachi Taluk is witnessing a significant transformation as traditional cash-based transactions intersect with rapidly evolving digital payment systems. This study explores customers' experiences and preferences toward cash versus cashless transaction methods in local retail outlets. Utilizing a primary dataset of 120 respondents, the research employs a descriptive design to evaluate factors such as convenience, speed, security, and technical reliability. The socio-economic profile reveals a predominantly young, female, and rural-based demographic with high undergraduate attainment. Findings indicate a strong hybrid preference, with 54.2% of respondents utilizing both modes. Cash remains highly valued for its "ease of use" and "spending control," whereas cashless methods—predominately UPI—are preferred for their "convenience" and "speed." Chi-square analysis demonstrates that while age does not significantly influence payment preferences, family annual income shows a significant association with cashless adoption. Despite high awareness levels (75.0%), technical barriers such as network issues remain a primary deterrent for 68.3% of digital users. The study concludes that for a seamless transition toward a "less-cash" economy in Pollachi, retailers and policymakers must prioritize improving digital infrastructure and addressing security concerns to enhance overall customer satisfaction and trust.

The implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India represented a substantial alteration in the nation's indirect tax framework, with the objectives of optimizing taxation, eliminating cascading effects, and establishing a cohesive national market. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), integral to the Indian economy, have encountered both prospects and obstacles under this new environment. This research study examines the diverse effects of GST on SMEs, concentrating on operational efficiency, compliance obligations, cost frameworks, and market competitiveness. Primary and secondary data sources are employed to evaluate the impact of GST on company processes, cash flow management, and supply chain integration within the SME sector. The analysis indicates that although GST has improved transparency, broadened market access, and streamlined inter-state trade, it has concurrently heightened the compliance burden, necessitated technological deployment, and intensified working capital pressures on smaller firms. Policy implications and ideas are presented to tackle these difficulties and utilize GST for sustainable expansion of SMEs.

In today's business and commerce, weather forecasting is essential for operational decision-making and strategic planning. Due to their limited capacity to develop nonlinear atmospheric dynamics and computational complexity, traditional numerical weather prediction models often encounter difficulties. Data-driven, scalable, and highly accurate forecasting solutions have been made possible by recent developments in artificial intelligence and machine learning. With a focus on incorporating intermediate meteorological data to increase accuracy, this paper provides an overview of sophisticated machine learning methods for weather prediction, such as LSTM, CNN, hybrid CNN–LSTM architectures, attention mechanisms, and ensemble models. The paper also examines important business applications in the fields of agriculture, supply chain management, energy, retail, insurance, and tourism, showing how AI-driven weather intelligence promotes resource efficiency, risk reduction, and well-informed business decision-making.

Digital transformation has become a fundamental force reshaping economic, educational, and social systems worldwide. In developing economies such as India, the rapid expansion of digital infrastructure, increased smartphone penetration, and widespread internet accessibility have significantly transformed the way individuals access services, acquire knowledge, and conduct financial transactions. Within this evolving landscape, e-education platforms and e-payment systems have emerged as key components of the digital ecosystem, particularly influencing the lives and activities of the youth population.Skill-oriented youth, who are actively engaged in enhancing their competencies and improving employability, are increasingly utilizing digital tools for both learning and financial purposes. E-education platforms offer flexible, accessible, and cost-effective opportunities for skill development, while e-payment systems facilitate quick, secure, and efficient financial transactions. Collectively, these platforms play a crucial role in promoting digital participation and inclusion, thereby contributing to the broader process of digital transformation among the younger generation.

Digital transformation in commerce serves as a pivotal driver for India's vision of Viksit Bharat 2047, fostering economic growth through innovation, inclusivity, and technological advancement. By leveraging e-commerce, fintech, and digital infrastructure, the nation aims to empower MSMEs, rural entrepreneurs, and underserved communities, propelling GDP expansion and global competitiveness. Viksit Bharat envisions a developed India by 2047 with high living standards, sustainability, and equitable opportunities. Digital commerce accelerates this by enabling market access for small enterprises, generating employment, and promoting digital literacy among women and rural populations. Initiatives like Digital India and UPI exemplify how seamless transactions and infrastructure underpin economic resilience. E-commerce growth, fueled by affordable smart phones and data, revolutionizes retail and financial services. Government programs enhance internet penetration—projected to reach 82% by 2047—while fintech innovations drive financial inclusion and startup ecosystems. These elements collectively boost technological adoption and entrepreneurial activity. Digitalization catalyzes GDP growth by integrating MSMEs into global value chains, reducing logistics costs, and fostering innovation in sectors like edtech and health tech. Projections indicate a $23–$35 trillion economy, with commerce playing a central role in exports, R&D, and sustainability. Challenges like the digital divide require targeted policies for inclusive progress. Persistent issues include cyber security, infrastructure gaps, and skill deficits, yet opportunities abound in AI, 5G, and cross -border trade. Strategic investments in digital governance and literacy will ensure equitable benefits, aligning commerce with Viksit Bharat's inclusive growth paradigm.

India’s digital payment ecosystem has undergone a profound transformation with the emergence of the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) or the Digital Rupee (e₹), alongside platforms such as UPI and mobile wallets. This shift has enhanced transactional speed, accessibility, and financial inclusion. However, the rapid digitalization of financial services has simultaneously increased risks related to fraud, data misuse, privacy breaches, technological failures, and user vulnerability. Ensuring robust consumer protection is therefore central to maintaining trust and facilitating the sustainable adoption of digital currencies. This paper examines the consumer protection landscape in India, focusing on regulatory instruments such as the Digital Personal Data Protection Act (2023), RBI guidelines, cybersecurity protocols, and the RBI Ombudsman Scheme. Key challenges including fragmented grievance mechanisms, low public awareness, privacy concerns, and insufficient safeguards for lowvalue users are highlighted. Drawing from global best practices and India’s evolving CBDC experience; the study proposes a strengthened consumer protection framework emphasizing transparency, cyber resilience, streamlined grievance redressal, and enhanced digital literacy. The paper concludes that a user-centric approach is essential for ensuring safe, inclusive, and sustainable digital currency adoption in India.

Rapid industrialization, urbanization, and changing consumption patterns have led to a dramatic increase in waste generation across the globe. From household garbage and food waste to industrial by-products, plastic pollution and electronic waste, the volume of waste produced today poses serious threats to environmental sustainability, public health, and economic stability. Recognizing this challenge, the United Nations included waste reduction as a core component of Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG 12). One of the key targets of this goal is to substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling, and reuse. This target emphasizes shifting away from the traditional “take–make–dispose” model toward a circular economy, where resources are used efficiently, waste is minimized, and materials remain in use for as long as possible. Achieving this goal requires collective efforts from governments, industries, communities, and individuals.

This study examines service delivery and beneficiary experience in Pradhan Mantri Jan Suraksha Schemes in Pollachi Taluk. The main objective is to understand how beneficiaries experience different aspects of the schemes, such as enrolment process, premium affordability, claim settlement, and support from banks and post offices. The study is based on primary data collected from 411 respondents using a structured questionnaire. Statistical tools such as Factor Analysis and Friedman Rank Test are used for analysis. The results show that service delivery has a strong influence on beneficiary experience. Factor Analysis identifies two main dimensions, namely awareness-related services and satisfaction-related services. The study also finds that lack of awareness and inadequate guidance are the major problems faced by beneficiaries. The study concludes that improving service delivery, providing better guidance, and increasing awareness can enhance the effectiveness of Jan Suraksha Schemes and improve beneficiary experience.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Human Resource Management (HRM) has significantly transformed performance appraisal practices. Traditional appraisal systems often suffer from subjectivity, bias, and time constraints, limiting their effectiveness in accurately measuring employee contributions. AI-driven appraisal systems, leveraging machine learning algorithms, natural language processing, and predictive analytics, provide data-driven insights that enhance fairness, transparency, and accuracy in evaluating employee performance. By analyzing real-time data from multiple sources such as productivity metrics, project outcomes, and employee engagement patterns, AI enables organizations to establish objective performance benchmarks and deliver personalized feedback. Furthermore, AI tools can identify hidden talent, predict future performance trends, and support informed decision-making in promotions, training, and succession planning. However, ethical considerations, data privacy concerns, and the risk of over-reliance on algorithms remain critical challenges. Overall, the adoption of AI in performance appraisal fosters a more continuous, unbiased, and development-oriented evaluation system, aligning employee growth with organizational goals.

Day by day the cases of heart diseases are increasing at a rapid rate and it’s very significant and concerning to predict any such diseases before hand. This diagnosis is a difficult task it should be perform precisely and efficiently. The research paper mainly focuses on which patient is more likely to have a heart disease based on various medical attributes. We prepared a heart disease prediction system to predict whether the patient is likely to be diagnosed with a heart disease or not using the medical history of the patient. We used different algorithms of machine learning such as logistic regression and KNN to predict and classify the patient with heart disease. A quite Helpful approach was used to regulate how the model can be used to improve the accuracy of prediction of Heart Attack in any human being. The strength of the proposed model was quiet agreeable and was able to predict evidence of having a heart disease in a particular individual by using KNN and Logistic Regression which showed a good accuracy in comparison to the previously used classifier such as naive bayes etc. So a quiet significant amount of pressure has been lift off by using the given model in finding the probability of the classifier to correctly and accurately identify the heart disease. The Given heart disease prediction system enhances medical care and reduces the cost. This project gives us significant knowledge that can help us predict the patients with heart disease.

Financial inclusion is a key driver of inclusive economic growth, particularly in developing economies where micro and small enterprises (MSEs) form the backbone of employment and income generation. The Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY) was launched in 2015 to provide collateral-free institutional credit to non-corporate, non-farm small and micro enterprises that traditionally lacked access to formal financial services. By categorizing loans under Shishu, Kishor, and Tarun, the scheme aims to address varying financial needs across stages of business development. This study examines the effectiveness of PMMY in enhancing financial inclusion among micro and small enterprises in India. It evaluates improvements in access to formal banking services, reduction in dependence on informal credit sources, and changes in borrowing behavior after availing PMMY loans. The research also explores regional and sectoral variations in financial inclusion outcomes. Using a mixed-method approach combining primary survey data and secondary financial statistics, the study seeks to provide empirical evidence on the role of PMMY in strengthening India’s MSME ecosystem.

The fast expansion of digital currencies is creating fundamental changes to payment ecosystems around the world and is creating new financial inclusion opportunities, particularly in emerging markets that do not have traditional banking infrastructure. This paper considers how central bank digital currencies, mobile-based tokenized payments, and decentralized digital assets can increase access, affordability, and efficiency of financial services for under banked populations. Through case studies of leading emerging economies, the paper shows how digital currencies can reduce transaction costs, provide instant low-value payments, create transparent government transfers, and expand the reach of micro-entrepreneurs. The paper also assesses risks related to cyber security, digital literacy, data protection, and regulatory capacity, which must be managed for inclusive adoption. The paper concludes that while digital currencies offer transformative potential for closing gaps to financial access, It requires a coordinated policy framework, interoperable platforms, and inclusion strategies that are context specific to local socio-economic environments.

In the ancient Indian education system, discipline was regarded as the foundation of learning and character formation. Education was not limited to the acquisition of knowledge; it aimed at the holistic development of an individual—intellectual, moral, spiritual, and physical. Discipline helped students cultivate self-control, humility, obedience, and a sense of responsibility, which were considered essential qualities for personal growth and social harmony. The Gurukul system emphasized a disciplined way of life where students lived with their teacher (Guru) and followed strict routines, ethical conduct, and moral values. Through simplicity, respect for elders, regular study, and self-restraint, discipline shaped students into responsible citizens and seekers of wisdom. Thus, discipline played a central role in maintaining the effectiveness and sanctity of education in ancient India. Hence this article focuses on an overview on the key elements of Discipline, Philosophical Basis of Discipline, Way of Life, Gurukul System, Self-Discipline, Key Aspects of Spiritual Discipline, and Key Methods for Discipline.

The rapid emergence of artificial intelligence, social media marketing, personalized advertising, influencer marketing, chat bots, recommendation systems, and data-driven marketing has transformed the contemporary marketing environment. While these technologies provide significant benefits to consumers and marketers, they also create ethical concerns relating to privacy, transparency, informed consent, data security, manipulation, fairness, and responsible use of consumer information. College students represent an important consumer segment because of their extensive use of digital platforms and their increasing exposure to technology-enabled marketing practices. The present study examines the perceptions of college students regarding ethical behavior in emerging marketing technologies in Pollachi. The study adopts a descriptive and empirical research design and collects primary data from 575 college students through a structured questionnaire. The study examines students' awareness of emerging marketing technologies, perceptions of ethical marketing practices, privacy concerns, transparency, trust, and responsible use of consumer data. Factor analysis, are proposed for analyzing the data. The model findings indicate that transparency, privacy protection, responsible data usage, and fairness significantly influence students' trust in emerging marketing technologies. The study highlights the importance of ethical standards, consumer awareness, institutional education, and responsible technology adoption. The findings provide useful implications for marketers, educational institutions, technology providers, and policymakers seeking to develop trustworthy and consumer-oriented digital marketing practices

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 represents a shift in the education system of India towards greater equity, access, quality, and inclusion. In this environment, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabling personalized learning is emerging as an important means of meeting the diverse needs of students in inclusive classrooms. This paper discusses the potential uses and challenges of using AI-based personalized learning strategies within the context of NEP 2020 and how such applications are likely to assist teachers in differentiating instruction for students with special needs, close achievement gaps among students, and create a learner-centered instructional environment in accordance with the goals outlined in NEP 2020. The paper also examines how adaptive learning technologies, intelligent tutoring systems, and learning analytics will facilitate improved engagement and academic achievement for diverse learners. Furthermore, it examines the ethical considerations, hardware and software needs, and capacity building requirements that are necessary for successful implementation. Overall, the paper brings together policy issues and technical solutions to reinforce AI-enabled personalized learning as an essential strategy to strengthen inclusive, equitable, and future-oriented education systems in India.

India’s vision of becoming a developed nation by 2047—Bharat@2047—demands a future-ready innovation ecosystem supported by inclusive digital transformation, robust infrastructure, human capital enhancement, and responsible technological governance. This paper examines the present innovation landscape, emerging opportunities in AI, digital finance, deep-tech sectors, and the digital public infrastructure (DPI) model. It also highlights the structural challenges that may hinder equitable digital transformation and outlines actionable strategies to build a technologically resilient, economically competitive, and socially inclusive India by 2047.

Digital technology's expansion has drastically altered consumer markets globally. E-commerce and Direct-to-Consumer (D2C) are now major disruptors in how goods are made, sold, marketed, and engaged with consumers. In India, rapid growth in digital infrastructure, government initiatives like Digital India, greater numbers of smartphones and fintech advancements have all sped up the change to digital commerce. All of the new opportunities created by D2C and e-commerce occur at the same time as new risks related to an increase in the amount of data collected, market concentration, algorithmic bias, consumer protection, and other regulatory issues. This paper will provide analysis of e-commerce platforms' and D2C businesses' opportunities and risks in the Indian context, using a conceptual and policy-analysis method that relies on secondary data. The paper will demonstrate how e-commerce is structurally transforming consumer markets and present recommendations for a governance framework to promote inclusive, competitive, and sustainable digital commerce.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools have become an important part of higher education by supporting students in learning, research, assignments, and academic activities. The ethical use of these tools is essential to maintain academic integrity, originality, and responsible learning. The present study aims to examine the satisfaction of UG Commerce students towards the ethical use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in higher education and to identify the factors influencing their satisfaction. The study was conducted among 300 UG Commerce students in Pollachi Taluk using a structured questionnaire and convenience sampling technique. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. The collected data were analysed using ANOVA, Ranking Analysis, and Factor Analysis. The findings reveal that students have a satisfactory level of satisfaction towards the ethical use of AI tools. The study concludes that the responsible and ethical use of AI tools can enhance students' learning experiences and academic performance.

Social media and influencer marketing have evolved from being experimental communication tools to becoming strategically important elements of modern marketing ecosystems. The rapid progress in digital platforms, artificial intelligence, and data analytics—along with changing consumer expectations regarding authenticity, privacy, and alignment of values—are reshaping the creation and maintenance of influence. This study investigates the strategic trends that are influencing the future of social media and influencer marketing, particularly emphasizing authenticity-driven engagement, AI-enabled personalization, community-focused influence, the prevalence of short-form videos, integration of social commerce, ethical governance, and the merging of online and offline brand experiences. Taking a thought-leadership approach, the study explores how technological, cultural, and strategic changes are transforming influencers from simple promotional agents into co-creators, community builders, and reliable brand partners. Additionally, it suggests a practical strategic framework to facilitate future-oriented decision-making, allowing brands and marketers to align influencer initiatives with long-term business goals, ethical standards, and evolving consumer expectations. The findings highlight a significant shift from metrics based on reach to those focused on trust, quality of engagement, and sustainable value creation, providing both managerial insights and academic significance for comprehending the next stage of influencer-driven digital marketing.

Agriculture plays a crucial role in ensuring food security and sustainable economic development. However, increasing population growth, limited water resources, climate variability, and inefficient crop planning practices present significant challenges to agricultural productivity. Multicropping systems offer an effective solution for improving land utilization and enhancing farm profitability, but determining optimal crop combinations under different irrigation conditions remains a complex optimization problem. This study proposes an intelligent hybrid framework integrating Deep Learning (DL), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for optimizing multicropping strategies across irrigation types. The Deep Learning model is employed to predict crop yield based on environmental and agricultural parameters, while the Genetic Algorithm generates optimal crop allocation strategies. Particle Swarm Optimization further refines the GA-generated solutions by optimizing resource allocation and irrigation efficiency. The proposed framework is evaluated using an agricultural dataset containing soil characteristics, climatic conditions, irrigation methods, crop information, yield, and profit data. Experimental results demonstrate that the integrated GA-DL-PSO framework achieves superior performance in terms of crop yield, water-use efficiency, and economic profitability when compared with traditional farming methods and standalone optimization techniques. The findings indicate that the proposed model provides an effective decision-support system for sustainable agriculture and intelligent resource management. The developed framework can assist farmers and agricultural planners in making data-driven decisions that improve productivity while minimizing resource consumption.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into education offers a transformative opportunity to enhance learning experiences for Generation Z (Gen Z) learners. This demographic, born into a digital age, is uniquely positioned to benefit from AI-driven personalized learning tools. Educational reforms across the globe emphasize student-centered approaches, critical thinking, and adaptive learning pathways, aligning closely with AI s capabilities. AI can provide tailored learning experiences, real-time feedback, and immersive simulations, making learning more engaging and relevant. Additionally, AI can support teachers by automating administrative tasks, enabling them to focus more on pedagogical strategies. This paper explores how AI aligns with current educational reforms, examining its potential to address key challenges such as student engagement, achievement gaps, and inclusivity. By understanding Gen Z s preferences and learning behaviors, AI can become an invaluable tool in shaping future educational landscapes. By understanding Gen Z s preferences and learning behaviors, AI can become an invaluable tool in shaping future educational landscapes. However, challenges such as data privacy, equity of access, and teacher preparedness must be addressed to ensure AI s effective integration into education systems. Ultimately, AI has the potential to reshape the learning process and prepare students for an increasingly digital future.

In 2017, the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India has brought about a complete overhaul to the nation's tax structure by consolidating all forms of indirect taxes under a newly created digitally managed governance model. Digital interfaces (e.g.: GST Network (GSTN), e-invoicing and e-way bill systems) have increased levels of transparency, enhanced levels of compliance, and improved the degree of collaboration between the Central and State governments in India. The purpose of this research is to explore how the use of technology enabled GST mechanisms has supported greater transparency and accountability with regard to intergovernmental fiscal relations, particularly in terms of revenue sharing, compliance monitoring, and anti-evasion. To achieve this goal, secondary data was collected from official reports, GST revenue amounts and Tamil Nadu's budget documents between 2018 and 2024 to evaluate revenue trends and the use of digital compliance tools within the GST paradigm. The results of the analysis show evidence that digital audit trails, real-time data sharing and automated reconciliation processes have helped reduce levels of information asymmetry and thereby strengthened the collaboration between the Central and State governments in India. In the case of Tamil Nadu, technology enabled changes in compliance, include increased growth rates and ultimately the formation of a more fiscally stable environment. Ultimately, it was determined that digital platforms play a critical role in enhancing cooperative federalism through the promotion of transparency, accountability and systematically improving revenue collection processes. To fully realize the long-term benefits of digital fiscal governance, ongoing technology advancements, capacity development and strong cybersecurity initiatives are required.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence(AI) into education has become a defining feature of 21st-century pedagogical transformation. AI technologies such as intelligent tutoring systems, adaptive learning platforms, and predictive analytics are reshaping teaching and learning into more personalized, data-driven processes. In the Indian context, the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 envisions leveraging technology, including AI, to foster innovation, inclusivity, and lifelong learning. Artificial Intelligence (AI), encompassing technologies that simulate human cognitive processes such as reasoning, learning, and decision-making, is at the forefront of this transformation. AI applications ranging from intelligent tutoring systems and adaptive learning platforms to chat bots and predictive analytics are reshaping traditional pedagogy into more learner-centered and data-informed models. In the Indian context, the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 envisions the nation‘s transition into a global knowledge economy through technology integration and skill-based learning.

Digital technologies have become essential for participation in education, employment, governance, and social life. Despite rapid digital expansion, a considerable section of the population remains digitally excluded due to persistent socio-economic inequalities. This study examines the major socioeconomic determinants that contribute to digital exclusion, including income inequality, educational attainment, digital literacy, employment status, geographical location, gender, age, and social class. Individuals from economically disadvantaged backgrounds often face limited access to digital devices and reliable internet connectivity, while low levels of education and digital skills restrict effective technology use. Rural populations continue to experience infrastructural deficits that widen the digital divide. Additionally, socio-cultural norms and generational differences further influence patterns of technology adoption. The study emphasizes that digital exclusion is not merely a technological issue but a socio-economic one. Addressing these determinants through inclusive digital policies, affordable connectivity, digital literacy initiatives, and infrastructure development is essential to ensure equitable digital participation and sustainable socio-economic development.

Financial security is a crucial component of socio-economic development, especially among rural populations. The Government of India has introduced various Jan Suraksha Schemes such as Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY), and Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY) to enhance financial inclusion and provide social security. This study aims to examine the level of financial security among beneficiaries of Jan Suraksha Schemes in Pollachi Taluk. The research is based on primary data collected from rural beneficiaries using a structured questionnaire. Statistical tools such as percentage analysis and chi-square tests are employed to analyze the data. The findings indicate that participation in Jan Suraksha Schemes has significantly improved financial awareness, savings behavior, and risk coverage among rural beneficiaries. However, certain challenges such as lack of awareness and limited accessibility still persist. The study concludes that while Jan Suraksha Schemes play a vital role in strengthening financial security, further efforts are required to enhance their effectiveness in rural areas.

The contemporary global economic landscape is characterized by increasing interdependence, driven by rapid advancements in technology and the growing complexity of supply chains. This article explores the critical role of resource and information technology (IT) exchange in fortifying international trade relations (ITR). It posits that strategic collaboration in sharing natural resources, human capital, and technological know-how can significantly enhance economic stability, foster innovation, and promote mutual prosperity among nations. The article delves into the mechanisms through which IT exchange facilitates transparency, efficiency, and trust in cross-border transactions, thereby mitigating trade barriers and disputes. It highlights the symbiotic relationship between access to diverse resources and the technological infrastructure required for their optimal utilization and distribution.

Banking sector is one of the fastest growing sectors in India. Today’s banking sector becoming more complex. Evaluating Indian banking sector is not an easy task. There are so many factors, which need to be taken care while differentiating good banks from bad ones. Performance evaluation of the banking sector is an effective measure and indicator to check the soundness of economic activities of an economy. The contribution of RBI and other policy maker, the banking industry has witnessed regulatory requirements like BASEL III norms. These regulatory changes have influenced prominent improvement in efficiency and performance of the Indian Scheduled Commercial Banks in the past few years. In the present study an attempt was made to evaluate the performance & financial soundness of select public Sector Banks like Bank of Baroda, PNB, and Union bank of India, Bank of India, and SBI using CAMEL approach from 2018 to 2022 as well one way ANOVA method.

Industry 5.0 in tourism represents a paradigm shift where advanced technologies like AI, IoT, and block chain are integrated with human-centered sustainability practices to create a more eco-friendly and personalized travel experience. Unlike Industry 4.0, which focuses on automation and efficiency, Industry 5.0 emphasizes collaboration between humans and machines to promote green sustainability in tourism. This includes using AI for eco-friendly travel recommendations, IoT for smart resource management, and block chain for transparent sustainability certifications. Additionally, Industry 5.0 supports sustainable tourism infrastructure, regenerative practices, and local community empowerment to reduce environmental impacts while fostering long-term ecological preservation. By aligning cutting-edge technologies with sustainability goals, Industry 5.0 offers the tourism industry a pathway to reduce its carbon footprint, optimize resources, and preserve natural and cultural heritage for future generations. This paper explores how Industry 5.0 can be harnessed to advance green sustainable tourism, focusing on key areas such as eco-friendly transportation, smart resource management, sustainable tourism design, and eco-conscious consumer behavior. By leveraging AI-driven personalization, tourists are empowered to make informed decisions that minimize their carbon footprint, opt for green accommodations, and engage in sustainable activities. Additionally, IoT-based infrastructure helps optimize energy use, reduce waste, and ensure responsible resource consumption across tourism destinations. Block chain technology plays a crucial role in ensuring transparency in sustainability certifications, allowing consumers to verify the eco-friendly practices of businesses, from eco-resorts to local artisans.

Direct Benefit Transfers (DBT) have emerged as a pivotal reform in India‘s welfare delivery system, designed to enhance transparency and reduce leakages in government programmes. At the same time, insurance has become an essential instrument for financial security, particularly for low-income households that face persistent vulnerabilities such as health emergencies, crop losses, accidents, and income shocks. Despite the growth of public insurance schemes, penetration among the poor remains uneven due to structural, behavioural, and administrative barriers. This paper examines how DBT can be effectively leveraged to improve insurance access, affordability, and utilization among low-income households in India. By integrating digital identity systems, bank account access, and mobile connectivity, DBT has transformed the delivery of subsidies and benefits, and this architecture can significantly streamline insurance-linked payments, premium support, and claim settlements. The paper evaluates existing models of DBT-enabled insurance, explores major challenges, analyzes policy relevance, and proposes pathways to strengthen the integration of DBT with the insurance sector. Ultimately, the convergence of these two mechanisms holds immense potential for building a comprehensive, transparent, and resilient social protection system capable of safeguarding vulnerable households from economic shocks.

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping the foundations of global politics and international competition. AI is no longer viewed solely as a technological innovation; it has become a critical component of national strength, economic progress, and strategic influence. Governments across the world are allocating significant resources to AI research, digital infrastructure, and defense applications in order to secure competitive advantages in an increasingly technology-driven international environment. This trend has intensified rivalry among states seeking leadership in innovation, data management, and computational capabilities. Through the lens of realist theory, AI can be understood as a modern instrument of power that states employ to safeguard their interests and enhance their security. This study explores the growing connection between AI development and geopolitical competition, evaluates its impact on global power relations, and discusses the challenges associated with regulation and governance. The paper argues that while AI offers remarkable opportunities for development and efficiency, it also contributes to new strategic rivalries that may affect international peace and stability.

Artificial intelligence has moved from a peripheral experiment to a structural feature of human resource management. This chapter examines how AI is reshaping three interlocking pillars of the HR function: talent acquisition, employee engagement, and performance management. Drawing on recent industry research and scholarly literature, the chapter traces the shift from rule-based automation toward predictive and, increasingly, agentic systems capable of sourcing candidates, forecasting workforce needs, synthesising performance signals, and personalising the employee experience at scale. It also confronts the tension between efficiency gains and the ethical, legal, and human costs of algorithmic decision-making, including bias, opacity, surveillance, and the erosion of managerial judgment. The chapter closes with a discussion of governance frameworks and a forward-looking assessment of human-AI collaboration, arguing that the organizations most likely to benefit from AI in HRM are those that treat it as an augmentation of human judgment rather than a replacement for it.

The rapid advancement of digital technologies has transformed the educational landscape, offering new opportunities to address long-standing inequalities between rural and urban areas. Despite this potential, significant disparities persist in access to digital infrastructure, quality learning resources, and digital literacy skills. This study examines the role of digital education initiatives in bridging the rural–urban divide in education. It explores the availability and effectiveness of government-led, private, and school-based digital programs in enhancing access to learning opportunities for rural students. Using a descriptive research approach, the study analyzes factors such as ICT infrastructure, teacher preparedness, student digital skills, and learning outcomes. The findings indicate that digital education initiatives contribute positively to improving educational access, engagement, and skill development in rural settings; however, challenges related to connectivity, device availability, and training remain. The study highligts the importance of sustained policy support, community involvement, and inclusive digital strategies to ensure equitable educational development across rural and urban regions.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming higher education environments by acting not just as a set of tools but as an active pedagogical partner. In recent years, the proliferation of AI has transformed the way children interact with the world. AI has become ubiquitous, offering unprecedented access to information, entertainment, and social connectivity. While AI technology presents numerous educational and developmental opportunities, their overuse has sparked growing concern among parents, educators, and healthcare professionals. Furthermore, the psychological impact of prolonged screen time, including increased risks of anxiety, depression, and addiction, has become a pressing public health issue. Artificial Intelligence as a Pedagogical Partner examines parental control apps, AI-powered monitoring, gamification strategies, and digital wellbeing tools as solutions. It also synthesizes evidence-based approaches, presents implementation frameworks, and offers assessment and ethical guidance for academics, administrators, and teacher-educators seeking to harness AI productively and responsibly to enhance student learning, agency, and equity. Combining quantitative surveys, qualitative interviews, and experimental studies, the research aims to inform parents, educators, and policymakers about potential of innovative technologies. Key areas include cognitive and academic consequences, erosion of interpersonal skills, and physical health risks from sedentary behavior.

This study examines the interrelated nature of cognitive and emotional intelligence and their combined influence on student learning outcomes. Cognitive intelligence plays a crucial role in developing critical thinking and problem-solving abilities, whereas emotional intelligence supports essential life skills such as self-awareness, empathy, and effective interpersonal communication. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, the research utilized surveys and observational studies involving both students and educators. Standardized instruments were used to assess levels of cognitive and emotional intelligence. Findings indicate a strong correlation between the two, demonstrating their collective contribution to academic achievement and social adaptability. The study underscores the significance of integrating cognitive and emotional intelligence within educational frameworks. Such integration enables educators to foster holistic student development, equipping learners with the skills needed to meet the demands of an increasingly complex world.

This study examines the interconnected roles of cognitive and emotional intelligence and their combined impact on student learning outcomes. Cognitive intelligence forms the foundation for critical thinking and problem-solving, while emotional intelligence fosters essential life skills such as self-awareness, empathy, and effective interpersonal communication. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, the research included surveys and observational studies involving both students and educators. Standardized assessments were used to measure levels of cognitive and emotional intelligence. The findings revealed a strong correlation between the two, underscoring their shared influence on academic performance and social adaptability. The study underscores the importance of incorporating both cognitive and emotional intelligence into educational practices. By doing so, educators can better support the development of well-rounded students, equipping them to navigate the challenges of an increasingly complex world.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly transforming higher education by changing the way teaching, learning, assessment, research, and academic administration are carried out. AI-powered applications such as generative AI, intelligent tutoring systems, automated assessment tools, learning analytics, and adaptive learning platforms provide teachers with new opportunities to improve educational quality and student engagement. At the same time, the growing use of AI raises important questions about the changing role of teachers, academic integrity, data privacy, ethical responsibility, professional skills, and the future of employment in education. The traditional role of teachers as primary providers of information is gradually shifting towards that of facilitators, mentors, learning designers, critical evaluators, and ethical guides. Teachers are increasingly expected to help students evaluate AI-generated information, develop critical-thinking skills, use technology responsibly, and apply knowledge in real-world situations. This article examines the changing role of teachers in higher education in the context of AI adoption.

Food and nutritional security is a fundamental human right and a prerequisite for achieving sustainable development. In India, tribal populations face unique challenges regarding food access and nutrition due to their socio-economic conditions. This study aims to examine the food and nutritional security of tribal women in Pollachi Taluk, Tamil Nadu, focusing on their dietary practices, access to food, and health outcomes. Through qualitative and quantitative methods, this research aims to provide insights into the existing challenges and potential interventions to improve the nutritional status of this vulnerable population. This research article serves as a comprehensive overview of the challenges and opportunities related to food and nutritional security for tribal women in Pollachi Taluk. It emphasizes the importance of targeted interventions to address these issues and improve overall community health.

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) face significant challenges due to frequent communication link disruptions caused by high vehicular mobility. Addressing these issues, this paper introduces a Dynamic and Reliable Routing Algorithm (DRRA) designed to enhance clustering stability and improve security. DRRA employs a novel Cluster Head (CH) election strategy based on relative mobility metrics to ensure reduced re-clustering and seamless communication. The algorithm integrates robust mechanisms to mitigate Sybil and Denial-ofService (DoS) attacks, ensuring secure and efficient data dissemination. Simulation experiments conducted using NS-3.25 and SUMO validate the performance of DRRA, demonstrating significant improvements in metrics such as CH lifetime, network throughput, and packet delivery ratio compared to existing schemes. These results highlight DRRA's potential to enhance the reliability and security of VANETs, particularly in high-mobility and dense traffic scenarios, while addressing key limitations of current methodologies.

Digital governance (DG) has emerged as the definitive framework for the structural transformation of the Indian economy in the 21st century. By integrating advanced Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) into the core of public administration, India has moved away from traditional, opaque bureaucratic models toward a transparent, data-driven "Digital Public Infrastructure" (DPI). This article provides an extensive analysis of how digital governance serves as both a management tool for fiscal discipline and a developmental engine for socio-economic empowerment. As of 2026, the digital economy accounts for a significant portion of India’s GDP, driven by the "India Stack"—a world-class ensemble of biometric identity, instant payments, and data exchange layers. We examine the evolution of the JAM (Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile) trinity, the formalization of the unorganized sector through GSTN, and the revolutionary impact of the Unified Payments Interface (UPI). Furthermore, the article delves into the "IndiaAI Mission" and its role in predictive governance. Despite these milestones, challenges such as the urban-rural digital divide, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, and the complexities of the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act remain. The study concludes that while India has set a global benchmark for digital inclusivity, sustaining this momentum requires a "Trust-First" approach to data sovereignty and infrastructure resilience.

Global trade conflicts have emerged as a defining feature of the contemporary international economic system. Trade tensions such as the U.S.–China trade war, disruptions caused by the World Trade Organization dispute settlement challenges, and geopolitical conflicts like the Russia–Ukraine War have significantly altered global trade patterns. As an emerging economy deeply integrated into global markets, India faces both risks and opportunities from these developments. Global trade conflicts have emerged as a significant challenge to the stability of the international economic system, disrupting established trade flows, global value chains and commodity markets. Escalating tariff wars, economic sanctions, protectionist policies, and geopolitical tensions among major economies have created an uncertain global trade environment. As an emerging economy with deep integration into global markets, India’s agricultural and manufacturing sectors are particularly vulnerable to such disruptions. This paper examines the impact of global trade conflicts on India’s agricultural and manufacturing sectors. It highlights issues such as export volatility, rising input costs, inflationary pressures, and shifting foreign investment trends.

Global trade uncertainties have completely changed international trade patterns and caused major problems for export-based countries. Protectionism, geopolitical disputes, and disruptions to supply chains have increased global market volatility in the past few years and, as a result, impacted developing countries, including India. This paper looks at how global trade uncertainty affects India's competitiveness in exports through the lens of the Viksit Bharat 2047 vision. It uses secondary data for the years 2010-2024 and conducts a multiple regression analysis to assess how global trade uncertainty, trade barriers, and disruptions in supply chains affect export performance. The results from the analysis indicate that both global trade uncertainty and trade barriers have a statistically significant negative effect on export competitiveness. Disruption to supply chains also increases transaction costs and impacts timely access to markets, resulting in even higher levels of export instability. On the other hand, both trade diversification and supply chain resiliency reduce these negative effects and improve both stability of exports and long-term competitiveness. This analysis points to the need for improved logistics infrastructure, expansion of new markets for export, and greater integration into global value chains. This paper adds to the growing body of literature on trade uncertainty by incorporating empirical data from an emerging market and provides insight into how policymakers may develop resilient trade strategies in line with India's vision.

India Stack is a population-scale Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) that has reshaped governance, service delivery, and economic participation in India. Built around digital identity, interoperable payment systems, and consent-based data sharing, India Stack enables secure, affordable, and transparent access to public and private services. By reducing bureaucratic barriers, minimizing leakages, and improving targeting, it has significantly expanded the reach of welfare schemes and financial services to marginalized communities, rural populations, and small enterprises. The governance of India Stack is guided by principles of openness, interoperability, privacy-by-design, and public–private collaboration. This article examines the governance framework of India Stack, its role in promoting inclusion, key challenges, and its relevance as a global model for inclusive and accountable digital public infrastructure.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools have become an integral part of higher education by supporting students in learning, research, assignments, and academic activities. However, the increasing use of AI tools has also raised several ethical challenges related to academic integrity, plagiarism, originality, privacy, and the responsible use of AIgenerated content. The present study aims to identify the challenges faced by college students towards the ethical use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in higher education and to offer suitable suggestions for promoting their ethical and responsible use. The study was conducted among 300 College students in Pollachi Taluk using a descriptive research design and a convenience sampling technique. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire, while secondary data were obtained from books, journals, research articles, and authentic online sources. The collected data were analysed using Percentage Analysis, Chi-Square Test, and Ranking Analysis. The findings reveal that students experience several challenges in the ethical use of AI tools, particularly in determining the ethical acceptability of AI-generated content, avoiding plagiarism, maintaining originality, and evaluating the reliability of AI-generated information. The study concludes that educational institutions should strengthen AI ethics awareness, establish clear institutional guidelines, and promote responsible AI usage to ensure academic integrity and ethical learning practices among students.

Financial inclusion and social security are essential for achieving inclusive economic development in India, particularly among economically vulnerable populations. To address these challenges, the Government of India introduced the Jan Suraksha Schemes, which aim to provide affordable insurance, pension, and financial protection to low-income groups. In this context, the present study examines the perception, awareness, and satisfaction levels of beneficiaries towards Jan Suraksha Schemes in Pollachi Taluk. The study is empirical in nature and is based on primary data collected from 411 respondents using a structured questionnaire. A quantitative research approach was adopted, and statistical tools such as descriptive analysis, One-way ANOVA, and independent sample t-test were used to analyze the data. The study explores the relationship between demographic variables such as age, educational qualification, income, and gender with beneficiaries’ awareness and satisfaction levels. The study concludes that Jan Suraksha Schemes have made notable progress in promoting financial inclusion and extending social security benefits to vulnerable groups. However, disparities in awareness based on socio-economic factors persist. The study recommends enhancing financial literacy, strengthening awareness campaigns, and improving implementation strategies to increase the effectiveness of these schemes.

The idea of keeping a business going now goes beyond just caring for the earth. It also includes social and money matters, like keeping good workers. A lasting workforce stays engaged, does well, can change, and stays loyal. AI has a big impact on how companies manage their people. It's good at looking at data spotting patterns, doing tasks, and predicting what might happen. This means it's changing Human Resource Management (HRM) in a big way. It's set to cause a revolution in how businesses find, grow, keep happy, and hold onto their most important asset: their workers. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Human Resource Management marks the latest significant leap in the evolution of the field. Employee retention is a critical aspect of organizational sustainability. High turnover rates lead to significant costs, including recruitment expenses, onboarding costs, lost productivity, and decreased morale among remaining staff.

Liquidity management refers to the methods a banks employs both now and in the future to meet its shor tterm or urgent needs.cash requirements without incurring large losses.It also ensures quick access to cas h or liquid assets when needed.Because liquidity management affects risk as well as the longterm viability of banks' assets, The liquidity management practices of a few Indian public and private sector banks are contrasted in this essay. Five public sector banks (Punjab National Bank, Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Union Bank of India, and State Bank India) and five private sector banks (ICICI, HDFC, AXIS, IDBI, and Kotak Mahindra Bank) have been taken into consideration for the eight-year period from 2015–16 to 2021–2022. Three ratios have been used to compare the liquidity management practices of banks in the public and private sectors: the Cash-Deposit Ratio (CDR), the InvestmentDeposit Ratio (IDR), and the Credit-Deposit Ratio (CRDR).

This case study investigates the adoption patterns and ethical implications of AI-powered tools among university students for academic writing, aiming to bridge the gap between technological integration and pedagogical responsibility. We conduct a qualitative survey-based analysis involving undergraduate, postgraduate, and research scholars across disciplines at NGM College, focusing on their familiarity, usage frequency, and attitudes toward AI tools such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Perplexity. The findings reveal a high level of familiarity with AI tools, with 48.6% of participants being "very familiar" and 47.2% "somewhat familiar," while ChatGPT emerges as the dominant tool (83.3%). Students primarily employ AI for writing assistance (81.9%), idea generation (75.0%), and research (72.2%), yet ethical concerns persist, as only 2.7% directly accept AI-generated content without modification. The study identifies a tension between efficiency gains and risks to academic integrity, with 51.4% of respondents using AI suggestions as inspiration but rewriting content independently. Moreover, the data highlights disciplinary variations in tool preferences and task-specific applications, underscoring the need for tailored pedagogical strategies. The research contributes to the growing discourse on AI in education by providing empirical evidence of student behaviors and proposing actionable recommendations for educators, such as redesigning assessments to emphasize critical thinking and integrating transparency mechanisms. These insights are particularly significant given the rapid proliferation of AI tools in academia, where balancing technological assistance with the preservation of original thought remains a pressing challenge. The study ultimately calls for a nuanced approach to AI integration, one that fosters responsible use while maintaining academic rigor and ethical standards.

Financial Technology (FinTech) has become a powerful catalyst in transforming the global tourism landscape, fundamentally altering the way travelers plan, manage, and spend during their journeys. The rapid rise of digital financial solutions—including mobile wallets, Unified Payments Interface (UPI), QR-code payments, travel-centric credit cards, contactless payment platforms, and emerging Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) options— has significantly reshaped tourist expenditure patterns. These technologies offer enhanced convenience, faster transactions, stronger security features, and greater financial transparency, all of which encourage tourists to engage in higher and more diversified spending. Moreover, FinTech tools provide tourists with improved budget management, real-time exchange rate visibility, personalized financial offers, and seamless cross-border payment options. Such features not only elevate the overall travel experience but also increase purchasing power and reduce financial barriers. As a result, tourists demonstrate a higher propensity to spend on accommodation upgrades, local experiences, retail purchases, transportation, and digital services. This article explores the multifaceted impact of Fin Tech on tourist spending behaviour, emphasizing how technological adoption is driving new trends in consumption, shaping destination competitiveness, and fostering a more digitally empowered tourism economy.

This study examines the interconnected roles of cognitive and emotional intelligence and their combined impact on student learning outcomes. Cognitive intelligence forms the foundation for critical thinking and problem-solving, while emotional intelligence fosters essential life skills such as self-awareness, empathy, and effective interpersonal communication. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, the research included surveys and observational studies involving both students and educators. Standardized assessments were used to measure levels of cognitive and emotional intelligence. The findings revealed a strong correlation between the two, underscoring their shared influence on academic performance and social adaptability. The study underscores the importance of incorporating both cognitive and emotional intelligence into educational practices. By doing so, educators can better support the development of well-rounded students, equipping them to navigate the challenges of an increasingly complex world.

This study examines service delivery and beneficiary experience in Pradhan Mantri Jan Suraksha Schemes in Pollachi Taluk. The main objective is to understand how beneficiaries experience different aspects of the schemes, such as enrolment process, premium affordability, claim settlement, and support from banks and post offices. The study is based on primary data collected from 411 respondents using a structured questionnaire. Statistical tools such as Factor Analysis and Friedman Rank Test are used for analysis. The results show that service delivery has a strong influence on beneficiary experience. Factor Analysis identifies two main dimensions, namely awareness-related services and satisfaction-related services. The study also finds that lack of awareness and inadequate guidance are the major problems faced by beneficiaries. The study concludes that improving service delivery, providing better guidance, and increasing awareness can enhance the effectiveness of Jan Suraksha Schemes and improve beneficiary experience.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as the defining technological force shaping India's digital economy in the mid-2020s, layering onto a decade of Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) investment - Aadhaar, the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), and the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) - to transform how enterprises, governments, and citizens create and capture value. India has climbed to fifth position globally in overall digital economy performance and fourth in standalone AI capability, trailing only the United States, China, and Singapore, and now hosts the world's second-largest AI talent pool. This rapid ascent, however, is accompanied by an equally rapid escalation in AI-enabled cyber risk: automated phishing, deepfake-based fraud, voice-cloned social engineering, and machine-speed exploitation of software vulnerabilities are reshaping the national threat landscape faster than institutional and organizational defenses can adapt. This paper undertakes an integrated examination of these two parallel trends — economic opportunity and cybersecurity vulnerability — situating them within the broader geopolitical context of a "new world order" defined by AI sovereignty, compute nationalism, and competitive data governance regimes. Drawing on a descriptive, secondary-data methodology that synthesizes government advisories, industry reports, and recent (2025–2026) empirical studies, the paper identifies a structural gap between the pace of AI adoption and the maturity of India's cybersecurity and regulatory institutions. It concludes with a set of policy-oriented suggestions aimed at helping India convert its current scale advantage into durable, secure, and strategically autonomous digital leadership.