| Abstract | ABSTRACT
The digital divide remains one of the most significant barriers to inclusive
and sustainable development in contemporary India. While the country has
made substantial progress in expanding digital infrastructure and
promoting digital governance under initiatives such as Digital India,
access to and effective use of digital technologies remain uneven across
regions, genders, and socio-economic groups. This paper examines the
digital divide in India through three interrelated dimensions: digital
infrastructure, access to digital technologies, and digital literacy. Using a
qualitative–quantitative approach based on secondary data from official
sources such as the National Statistical Office (NSO), National Family
Health Survey (NFHS), Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), and
policy documents of the Government of India, the study analyses year-wise
trends, state-wise variations, and gender-based disparities in digital access
and usage. The findings reveal persistent urban–rural, inter-state, and
gender gaps despite rising overall internet penetration. The paper argues
that bridging the digital divide requires an integrated policy approach that
simultaneously addresses infrastructure gaps, affordability and access
barriers, and digital literacy deficits. The study concludes with a set of
policy recommendations aligned with ICSSR priorities, emphasizing
inclusive infrastructure development, community-based digital literacy,
and targeted interventions for marginalized groups.
Keywords: Digital Divide, Digital Infrastructure, Digital Access, Digital
Literacy, Digital India, Inclusive Development
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