| Abstract | ABSTRACT
India Stack is a population-scale Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) that
has reshaped governance, service delivery, and economic participation in
India. Built around digital identity, interoperable payment systems, and
consent-based data sharing, India Stack enables secure, affordable, and
transparent access to public and private services. By reducing bureaucratic
barriers, minimizing leakages, and improving targeting, it has significantly
expanded the reach of welfare schemes and financial services to
marginalized communities, rural populations, and small enterprises. The
governance of India Stack is guided by principles of openness,
interoperability, privacy-by-design, and public–private collaboration. This
article examines the governance framework of India Stack, its role in
promoting inclusion, key challenges, and its relevance as a global model for
inclusive and accountable digital public infrastructure.
Keywords : India Stack, Digital Public Infrastructure, Inclusive
Governance, Financial Inclusion, Aadhaar, UPI, E-Governance, Social
Welfare Delivery
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