| Abstract | Praachin Bharathiya education, or ancient Indian education, was a holistic system aimed at the overall
development of individuals, integrating intellectual, moral, spiritual, and practical learning. Unlike modern
education systems that often prioritize examinations and vocational training, the ancient Indian approach focused
on shaping character, building discipline, and preparing students to contribute meaningfully to society. Central
to this system were the Gurukula and Guru-Shishya traditions, emphasizing personalized guidance, moral
instruction, and experiential learning. Teaching methods included listening (Shravana), reflection (Manana),
meditation (Nididhyasana), debate (Tarka), storytelling (Itihasa-Purana), memorization (Smriti), practice
(Kriya), observation (Darshana), self-study (Svadhyaya), and value-oriented education (Dharma). Institutions
such as Takshashila, Nalanda, and Vikramashila formalized higher education and influenced global learning. The
integration of ethics, social responsibility, and holistic development makes ancient Indian education relevant to
modern pedagogical practices, highlighting the importance of value-based, experiential, and student-centered
learning.
Keywords: Ancient Indian Education, Gurukula, Guru-Shishya Tradition, Holistic Learning, Shravana,
Manana, Nididhyasana, Takshashila, Nalanda, Value-Based Education, Experiential Learning, Character
Development, Dharma.
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