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The transfer of goods, resources, and ideas between continents has been made possible by sea trade, which has served as the foundation of global commerce for a long time. In the contemporary era of globalization, maritime transport continues to serve as the primary conduit of international exchange, carrying more than 80 percent of world merchandise by volume. This paper examines the strategic significance, significance, and challenges of sea trade as the international business lifeline, focusing on its historical development. It talks about how maritime gateways like Shanghai, Singapore, and Rotterdam are important points in global supply chains that drive economic growth, technological innovation, and
development in regions. Along with broader trends of digitalization, automation, and sustainability that are reshaping global shipping, the study also takes into account emerging hubs like Vizhinjam in India. At the same time, it addresses pressing challenges, including climate change, cyber risks, and geopolitical uncertainties that threaten maritime stability.
By integrating recent data and global perspectives, this paper underscores that sea trade is not merely a mechanism of transport but a vital enabler of economic interdependence, resilience, and progress in the international business landscape.
Keywords: Maritime Gateways, Digitalization in Ports, Sustainable Shipping, Economic Interdependence, Port Infrastructure